Switching algebra is easily visualized using switches since there are only two values: on and off, or true and false. In digital systems we represent these as 1 and 0, respectively. There are only two ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

The previous article examined the concept of logic gates. They can be made from discrete and active electronic components, although today logic gates are available within integrated circuits. In this ...