Have you ever wondered why you have to get a flu shot every year, but some vaccines are one-and-done? It all has to do with how and how fast viruses evolve - and that depends on mutation rates.

Study shows human-derived H5N1 spreads more easily through contact than animal strains, raising concerns about adaptation in ...

As plastic pollution worsens worldwide, scientists are uncovering a new and unsettling possibility. Tiny airborne fragments of plastic, known as micro- and nanoplastics, may do more than pollute the ...

Most pandemic viruses that have jumped from animals to humans do not show signs of special adaptations to infect people, except the 1977 influenza outbreak, which was likely “sparked by a laboratory ...