Madrid’s Prado Museum has loaned a monumental 1653 Diego Velázquez painting to the Norton Simon Museum. At 14, Mariana married her uncle, Spain’s King Philip IV, then 44. The theatrical portrait has ...

In the early 14th century, Europe witnessed a clash of power between the crown and the church unlike anything before. King Philip IV of France defied Pope Boniface VIII, challenging the authority of ...

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Dearinger, David B., ed., "Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design, Volume I, 1826-1925," New York, NY: Hudson Hills Press, (National Academy of Design), 2004, pg.

Philip IV was in trouble. Spain’s far-flung empire, arguably the world’s most powerful, had seriously wobbled in the 1640s — and so had the king’s family life. When the bloody Thirty Years' War that ...