To follow up last week’s discussion on real-time versus equivalent-time oscilloscopes, I asked my colleague Pavel Zivny to send along his thoughts. Pavel, who’s a domain expert for high-speed ...

The Shannon–Hartley theorem provides a tool to quantify the information content of analog data. The theorem prescribes that unpredictability — the element of surprise — is the property that defines ...

Comprehensive introduction to analysis of continuous and discrete-time signals and systems. Linear time-invariant systems, convolution; Fourier series representations of periodic signals; Continuous ...

Previous articles in Planet Analog make mention of the “aliasing effect.” Most EEs agree in the importance of the aliasing effect as a noise source and take for granted that anti-aliasing filters are ...

Design linear discrete-time systems and filters and analyze their behavior. Represent continuous-time signals and linear systems in discrete time, so that such signals can be recovered in continuous ...

Shown is a simplified continuous-time sigma-delta ADC model, comprising a sigma-delta modulator and a decimation filter. The DT-S? input structure typically implements switched capacitors, and CT-S?

Wavelets provide new capabilities for analyzing real-time signals. This introductory article provides an overview and presents the basic mechanisms involved in wavelets. In many signal processing ...