Z-scores measure how far a closed-end fund's current discount status is from its average premium or discount. Writers will often highlight the probability of a given Z-score, usually to bolster an ...

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Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Andy Smith is a Certified Financial Planner ...

Among companies trading on the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq, consumer cyclical, consumer defensive and industrial companies generally have strong Altman Z-scores. This suggests that these ...

Developed by NYU Stern financial economist Edward Altman, the Altman Z-score predicts the likelihood of a company of going bankrupt within a two-year period. Unlike the Piotroski F-score, which only ...