Abstract: This paper is a brief tutorial on methods for using modulated signals in feedback loops, and especially of the different methods and trade offs used for demodulating those signals to get ...

The AI industry has entered the Agentic Era. Building production-grade AI systems now requires mastering agents, tool use, MCP, memory, long-running workflows, coding agents, agent harnesses, evals, ...

Fifty years ago, a U.S. Air Force colonel named John Boyd offered a profound insight into why battles are won or lost. His famous Observe, Orient, Decide, Act — or OODA — Loop described the mental ...

Twitter has been flooded with photos of a new Apple product called Loop this week that says it’s retailing for $149, and everyone’s freaking out because it looks so great. The product is a new kind of ...